20#精密鋼管批發零售
現貨充足,定制加工各種規格20#精密鋼管,發貨快(kuai),報價(jia)低,全國可發,我(wo)司專(zhuan)業(ye)生(sheng)產,歡(huan)迎咨詢~
牌號 | 化學成分% | |||||
C | Si | Mn | S | P | Cr | |
10 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | |
20 | 0.17-0.23 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | |
35 | 0.32-0.39 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | |
45 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | |
40Cr | 0.37-0.44 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.08-1.10 |
25Mn | 0.22-0.29 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.70-1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.25 |
37Mn5 | 0.30-0.39 | 0.15-0.30 | 1.20-1.50 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.020 |
20#精密鋼管熱處理(li)工藝(yi)
精密鋼管前奏
真空(kong)退(tui)火優質(zhi)彈簧鋼(gang)、工具鋼(gang)、精密鋼(gang)管的絲材,不銹鋼(gang)制品及鈦合金(jin)材,作光亮退(tui)火均可(ke)采用真空(kong)處理。退(tui)火溫度愈低,則(ze)要求真空(kong)度愈高。為(wei)防止鉻的蒸(zheng)發(fa)及加速(su)熱(re)傳(chuan)導(dao),一般采用載氣加熱(re)(保溫)法(fa),并注意(yi)對不銹鋼(gang)和鈦合金(jin)不宜用氮而應采用氬氣。
精密鋼管過程
真(zhen)空(kong)淬(cui)火(huo)真(zhen)空(kong)淬(cui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)按冷(leng)(leng)卻方法分(fen)(fen)為(wei)油(you)淬(cui)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)兩類,按工位數分(fen)(fen)為(wei)單(dan)室式(shi)(shi)和(he)雙(shuang)室式(shi)(shi),904山\畏嘲均(jun)屬周期式(shi)(shi)作(zuo)業(ye)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。真(zhen)空(kong)油(you)淬(cui)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)都是雙(shuang)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),后(hou)(hou)室置電加熱元(yuan)件(jian),前(qian)(qian)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)方置油(you)槽。工件(jian)完成加熱、保(bao)溫(wen)后(hou)(hou)移入(ru)前(qian)(qian)室,關閉中(zhong)門后(hou)(hou)向前(qian)(qian)室充(chong)入(ru)惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)大約2.66%26times;lO ~1.01%26times;10 Pa(200~760mm汞(gong)柱),入(ru)油(you)。油(you)淬(cui)易引起(qi)工件(jian)表面(mian)變質(zhi)。由于(yu)表面(mian)活性(xing)大,在(zai)短暫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)油(you)膜作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)即可發(fa)(fa)(fa)生顯著(zhu)薄(bo)層滲碳,此外,碳黑和(he)油(you)在(zai)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘附對簡化熱處(chu)理(li)(li)流(liu)程很不(bu)利。真(zhen)空(kong)淬(cui)火(huo)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展主(zhu)要在(zai)于(yu)研制性(xing)能(neng)優良、工位單(dan)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)淬(cui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。前(qian)(qian)述雙(shuang)室式(shi)(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)亦可用(yong)于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(在(zai)前(qian)(qian)室噴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻),但雙(shuang)工位式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)使大批量裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生困難,也(ye)易在(zai)高溫(wen)移動(dong)中(zhong)引起(qi)工件(jian)變形或(huo)改變工件(jian)方位增(zeng)加淬(cui)火(huo)變形。單(dan)一(yi)工位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)淬(cui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是在(zai)加熱保(bao)溫(wen)完成后(hou)(hou)在(zai)加熱室內噴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)速(su)不(bu)如油(you)冷(leng)(leng)快,也(ye)低于(yu)傳統淬(cui)火(huo)法中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔鹽等溫(wen)、分(fen)(fen)級(ji)淬(cui)火(huo)。因(yin)而,不(bu)斷(duan)提高噴冷(leng)(leng)室壓(ya)力(li)(li),增(zeng)大流(liu)量,以及采用(yong)摩爾質(zhi)量比氮(dan)和(he)氬小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體氦(hai)和(he)氫,是當今真(zhen)空(kong)淬(cui)火(huo)技術發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)流(liu)。70年(nian)代后(hou)(hou)期將氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)從(1~2)%26times;10Pa提高到(dao)(5~6)%26times;10Pa,使冷(leng)(leng)卻能(neng)力(li)(li)接近(jin)于(yu)常壓(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)冷(leng)(leng)。80年(nian)代中(zhong)期出現超高壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui),用(yong)(10~20)%26times;10Pa的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氦(hai),冷(leng)(leng)卻能(neng)力(li)(li)等于(yu)或(huo)略(lve)高于(yu)油(you)淬(cui),已進(jin)(jin)入(ru)工業(ye)實用(yong)。90年(nian)代初采用(yong)40%26times;10Pa的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),接近(jin)水淬(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻能(neng)力(li)(li),尚處(chu)于(yu)起(qi)步(bu)階段(duan)。工業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)達國家已進(jin)(jin)展到(dao)以高壓(ya)(5~6)%26times;10。Pa氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)為(wei)主(zhu)體,而中(zhong)國產(chan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)一(yi)些金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(理(li)(li)論值)與溫(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系則尚處(chu)于(yu)一(yi)般加壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(2%26times;10Pa)型階段(duan)。
結果真空(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)為真空(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)一(yi)淬(cui)火(huo)工藝曲線。在(zai)(zai)真空(kong)中加(jia)熱到滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)并保溫(wen)使(shi)表(biao)面凈(jing)化(hua)、活化(hua)之后(hou),通入(ru)稀薄滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)富化(hua)氣(qi)(qi)(見控制氣(qi)(qi)氛熱處(chu)理),在(zai)(zai)大約1330Pa(10T0rr)負壓下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入(ru),然(ran)后(hou)停(ting)氣(qi)(qi)(降壓)進(jin)行(xing)擴(kuo)散。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)的(de)(de)精密鋼管(guan)淬(cui)火(huo)采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)次淬(cui)火(huo)法(fa),即先停(ting)電,通氮冷卻工件至臨(lin)界點A,、以下(xia),使(shi)內(nei)部(bu)發生相變,再停(ting)氣(qi)(qi)、開泵,升溫(wen)到Ac1,~Accm之間。淬(cui)冷方法(fa)可采用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)冷或油冷。后(hou)者為奧氏體(ti)化(hua)后(hou)移入(ru)前室,充氮至常壓,入(ru)油。真空(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)一(yi)般高于普通氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan),常采用(yong)(yong)920~1040℃滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入(ru)和(he)(he)擴(kuo)散可按所(suo)示分兩階段(duan),也可用(yong)(yong)脈沖(chong)式通氣(qi)(qi)、停(ting)氣(qi)(qi),多段(duan)式的(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)一(yi)擴(kuo)相間,效(xiao)果更好(hao)。由于溫(wen)度(du)(du)高,尤其表(biao)面潔凈(jing)、有活性,真空(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層形成速(su)度(du)(du)比普通氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)、液(ye)體(ti)和(he)(he)固體(ti)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)快,如要求(qiu)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)層為1mm時,在(zai)(zai)927℃只需(xu)5h,而(er)1033℃僅需(xu)1h。
精密(mi)鋼管硬度與變形
取兩(liang)塊式樣,一塊用(yong)于研究(jiu)不(bu)同(tong)形變程度對硬度的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),另一塊研究(jiu)不(bu)同(tong)溫度對性能(neng)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。
冷(leng)(leng)(leng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)強(qiang)化(hua)在實際生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)意義。首先這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)強(qiang)化(hua)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)手(shou)段,尤其對用(yong)(yong)熱處理不能強(qiang)化(hua)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料來說,顯得更為重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。其次(ci),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)強(qiang)化(hua)有(you)利于(yu)金屬的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)均(jun)勻。因為精密(mi)鋼管的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)部分產(chan)(chan)生硬化(hua),將(jiang)使變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)向未(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)或變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)較少的(de)(de)部分繼續(xu)發(fa)展。第三,冷(leng)(leng)(leng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)強(qiang)化(hua)可以提高構件在使用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)安全(quan)性,構件一(yi)旦(dan)超載,產(chan)(chan)生塑(su)性變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing),由于(yu)強(qiang)化(hua)作用(yong)(yong),可防止(zhi)構件突然斷裂。但是(shi),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)強(qiang)化(hua)也給精密(mi)鋼管的(de)(de)繼續(xu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)帶來困難,甚至出現裂紋。因此,在精密(mi)鋼管變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)加工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)常進行"中(zhong)(zhong)間退火(huo)",以消除它(ta)的(de)(de)不利影響。